HEALTH TIPS: Cancer in Guyana: Why early detection can save your life

Understanding the warning signs, reducing fear, and encouraging early screening

By Dr Tariq Jagnarine
Fam Med, Endocrinology

Understanding cancer
Cancer is a word that many people fear, often because it is linked to suffering and loss. In simple terms, cancer happens when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. These abnormal cells can form lumps, damage organs, and spread to other parts of the body if not treated early.
Many people believe cancer appears suddenly, but it often develops slowly over time. The good news is that many cancers can be treated successfully, especially when found early. Unfortunately, in Guyana, many people are diagnosed late when treatment becomes more difficult.

Why cancer is a growing concern in Guyana
Across the country, healthcare workers are seeing increasing numbers of cancers such as breast cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer. While improvements in diagnosis mean more cases are being detected, late presentation remains a major challenge.
One of the biggest problems is fear. Some people avoid testing because they worry about bad news. Others believe that cancer automatically means death. These beliefs lead to delays in seeking care, allowing the disease to progress silently.
Cancer does not only affect individuals. Families face emotional strain, financial stress, and major lifestyle changes when a loved one becomes ill. Early detection can reduce this burden significantly.

What health workers are seeing
Doctors and nurses often meet patients who ignored early warning signs because they felt embarrassed, afraid, or too busy to seek help. A small breast lump, unusual bleeding, or unexplained weight loss may be dismissed until symptoms worsen.
Many patients say, “I thought it would go away,” or “I didn’t want to know.” By the time they arrive at a health facility, the cancer may already be advanced. These situations highlight the importance of education and regular screening.

Common risk factors for cancer
Cancer can develop for many reasons, but some risk factors are common in Guyana. Smoking remains one of the leading causes, especially for lung and throat cancers. Diets high in processed foods and low in fruits and vegetables can increase risk, as can obesity and physical inactivity.
Excessive alcohol use, exposure to certain infections, and family history also play a role. For example, cervical cancer is strongly linked to the human papillomavirus (HPV), while prostate cancer risk increases with age.
While not all cancers can be prevented, many risks can be reduced through healthier choices.

Warning signs that should never be ignored
Cancer symptoms vary depending on the type, but some warning signs are common. These include unexplained weight loss, persistent fatigue, unusual lumps or swelling, changes in bowel or bladder habits, abnormal bleeding, persistent cough, or sores that do not heal.
It is important to remember that these symptoms do not always mean cancer. However, they should never be ignored. Seeking medical advice early allows doctors to rule out serious problems or begin treatment quickly if needed.

The importance of screening and early detection
Screening tests help detect cancer before symptoms appear. In Guyana, women are encouraged to have regular cervical cancer screening and breast examinations. Men should discuss prostate screening with their healthcare providers, especially after the age of forty.
Early detection saves lives because treatment is more effective when cancer is found in its early stages. Screening does not mean something is wrong; it means you are taking control of your health.

Treatment and living with cancer
Cancer treatment depends on the type and stage of the disease. Some cancers can be treated with surgery, medication, radiation, or a combination of therapies. Advances in medicine mean that many people can continue working and living meaningful lives during treatment.
Emotional support is just as important as medical care. Family encouragement, counselling, and community understanding help patients cope with the physical and psychological challenges of cancer.

Preventing cancer through everyday choices
Although not all cancers are preventable, simple lifestyle changes can lower risk. Avoiding tobacco, limiting alcohol, maintaining a healthy weight, eating balanced meals, and staying physically active all support long-term health.
Vaccination also plays a role. For example, HPV vaccination can reduce the risk of cervical cancer. Regular health check-ups allow early detection of problems before they become serious.
Prevention is not about perfection. Small, consistent changes over time can make a powerful difference.

Breaking the fear around cancer
One of the biggest barriers to early diagnosis is fear. Many people avoid screening because they worry about what they might hear. However, avoiding testing does not prevent disease — it only delays treatment.
Cancer is no longer a silent sentence. With early detection and modern treatment, many people recover and return to full, active lives. Changing how we talk about cancer is part of changing outcomes in Guyana.
Cancer does not always begin with severe pain or dramatic symptoms. It often starts quietly, giving us time to act if we are willing to listen to our bodies and seek care early.
Do not let fear delay your health. Know the warning signs, attend regular screenings, and encourage your loved ones to do the same.
Early detection saves lives. Your health is worth the check.