HEALTH TIPS: Bad Breath and Body Odour: What Your Body May Be Trying to Tell You

By Dr Tariq Jagnarine

Global Health Perspectives
We have all experienced it at some point. Perhaps it was after a long day at work, after eating garlic, or first thing in the morning. Bad breath and body odour are common, but when they become persistent, they can affect confidence, relationships, work, and overall quality of life.
As a family physician, I have met many patients who delay seeking help because they feel embarrassed. Others spend large amounts of money on perfumes, deodorants, mouthwash, or chewing gum without addressing the real cause. The truth is that persistent bad breath or body odour is often a symptom rather than the problem itself.

What Causes Bad Breath?
Bad breath, also known as halitosis, affects millions of people worldwide. In about 80–90% of cases, the source is inside the mouth.
Common causes include:
Poor brushing and flossing
Gum disease
Tooth decay
A coated tongue where bacteria accumulate
Dry mouth from dehydration or certain medications
Smoking and tobacco use
Dentures that are not cleaned properly
Certain foods such as onions, garlic, alcohol, and coffee can also temporarily affect breath.
However, persistent bad breath may point to medical conditions such as:
Sinus infections
Tonsil stones
Diabetes (which may produce a fruity smell)
Kidney disease (ammonia-like breath)
Liver disease
Acid reflux (GERD)
Lung infections
If bad breath continues despite good oral hygiene, it deserves medical evaluation.

What Causes Body Odour?
Sweat itself has very little smell. The odour develops when bacteria on the skin break down sweat, particularly in areas such as the armpits, groin, and feet.
Factors that increase body odour include:
Poor hygiene
Hot weather
Heavy sweating
Obesity
Hormonal changes during puberty or menopause
Certain foods and spices
Alcohol
Smoking
Stress and anxiety
Medical conditions that can contribute include:
Diabetes
Overactive thyroid
Kidney disease
Liver disease
Certain skin infections
Rare inherited metabolic disorders
Some medications may also alter body odour.

When Should You Be Concerned?
Seek medical advice if you notice:
Bad breath that persists for several weeks despite good oral care.
Bleeding gums or loose teeth.
Sudden changes in body odour.
Excessive sweating accompanied by weight loss or palpitations.
Fruity, fishy, or ammonia-like odours.
Fever, skin infections, or unexplained illness.
These may signal an underlying condition requiring treatment.

Tips to Keep Breath Fresh
Brush your teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste.
Floss every day.
Clean your tongue using a tongue scraper or toothbrush.
Visit your dentist every six months.
Drink plenty of water.
Avoid tobacco products.
Limit sugary foods and drinks.
Manage chronic illnesses such as diabetes.

Tips to Reduce Body Odour
Bathe daily using soap and water.
Dry skin thoroughly after bathing.
Wear clean, breathable clothing.
Change socks and underwear daily.
Use an antiperspirant or deodorant.
Stay well hydrated.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Wash exercise clothing after every use.
One of the most rewarding moments in medicine is seeing a patient regain confidence after identifying and treating a hidden cause of bad breath or body odour. What many people think is “just a smell” may actually be an early sign of gum disease, uncontrolled diabetes, or another medical condition.
I encourage my patients to remember that these issues are common, treatable, and nothing to be ashamed of. Looking after your oral health, maintaining good hygiene, and seeking medical advice when symptoms persist can make a remarkable difference—not only in how you smell, but also in your overall health and wellbeing.
Your body often gives subtle clues before more serious problems develop. Listening to those signals is one of the simplest ways to protect your health.
Take-home Message: If bad breath or body odour persists despite good hygiene, don’t just cover it up; find the cause. Early assessment can improve your health, confidence, and quality of life.