Dear Editor,
Although well meaning, recent calls by Guyana’s Education Minister Priya Manickchand for women to get out of abusive relationships, and by Human Services and Social Security Minister Dr. Vindhya Persaud for men to refrain from preventing women from leaving a relationship when they want to, and to stop abusing women, are futile, given the realities of the gender-based violence landscape.
And placing the onus on victims to leave is seen by abuse prevention activists and advocates as re-victimising the victim, since it is really the wrong-doer, the abuser, who ought to leave.
For one, victims must overcome a variety of hurdles — fear, guilt, economics, emotional, social and gender roles — in order to take those first steps to ending abusive relationships, and they cannot do so unless the support infrastructure and networks are in place. For two, abuse is about control — physical, emotional, verbal, sexual, psychological, financial, spiritual – and those who display such traits are never interested in letting go.
Victims generally stay in abusive relationships because the fear of leaving and of the ‘unknown’ is greater than the fear of staying. Most domestic violence-related homicides occur after the victim has left, has attempted to leave, or has threatened to leave. Victims also fear for the safety of loved ones and those who help them, since abusers threaten those people too.
As well, many victims feel that they have more control by remaining in an abusive relationship. They know their abuser’s whereabouts and moods, and therefore know how to act in a way that would be least likely to trigger the abuser’s temper. Furthermore, victims’ identities are usually lost, because the abusers have made many of their life choices for them.
Abusers encourage or completely forbid victims from seeing their friends and loved ones, and perhaps even from keeping their jobs; or the victims are homemakers, which means being completely reliant on their abusers for financial and emotional support. As well, victims may come to believe that they somehow deserve the abuse, abusers having destroyed any sense of self-esteem they had, and therefore they no longer believe that they deserve anything better.
Often, victims may believe that the abuser is sick and needs their help. The idea of leaving can thus produce feelings of guilt. The fact is that many people enter relationships for love, and the emotion does not simply disappear in abusive relationships. Most victims want the violence to end, but love their partners and want the relationship to work.
Thus, when the abuser promises that it would never happen again, the victim wants to believe that this is true.
On average, female victims leave and return to the relationship seven times because abusers often apologise and promise to change. Even in arranged marriages, victims are invested in relationships because of cultural/social mores, parental/family pressures, prevailing gender roles, and usually children.
Also, being a single parent is a strenuous experience under the best conditions, and for most victims, conditions are far from the best.
The enormous responsibility of raising children alone can be overwhelming. As well, often, the abuser may threaten to take the children away, or even kill them if the victim leaves or attempts to leave.
Victims who grow up in abusive homes may believe that violence is a normal part of a relationship. Many victims are also survivors of childhood sexual abuse, with its emotional/psychological consequences, including low or non-existing self-worth. Their abusive partners tend to reinforce this low self-esteem and make victims feel unlovable. Victims are often told no one else would want them. The psychological damage of abuse is immense, and may result in victims having trouble making decisions, feeling dependent on their abusive partners, suffering from depression, or using drugs/alcohol for coping.
So, what can be done? For starters, perhaps consideration may be given to inclusion of lay counsellor training as part of the community advocate programme being rolled out by Guyana’s Ministry of Human Services and Social Security. This would ensure that every community has proactive eyes and ears armed with requisite skills sets and knowledge to act to mitigate abuse and assist victims, and possibly abusers as well.
Consideration could also be given to a measure the South Australia Government has implemented: a programme that provides accommodation, support services, and behaviour and attitudinal change interventions for the perpetrators of domestic and family violence – enabling women and children to remain in the family home.
On the one hand, this places the focus where it ought to be, on perpetrators and institutes batters’ programmes (which exist to some degree in St. Lucia, Bermuda and Barbados, run by activists and NGOs), which are so critical. On the other hand, it brings into play that part of the Domestic Violence Act that says victims can legally apply for perpetrators to be removed from homes, and if it’s a rental, continue to pay rent.
As well, the Uruguayan example should be considered. In a high-risk situation, a judge can ordain the abuser to wear electronic bands connected to an electronic device that the woman at risk carries.
If the abuser comes close to her, the device alerts the Police automatically. While in the programme, both victim and abuser also receive psychological support. So far, not a single one of the women in this programme has been killed.
In those cases where victims may have to leave, there would be need for protective services such as adequate, easily accessible, safer alternatives to traditional shelters; quick and ready access to magistrates and other legal resources; and avenues for financial independence and psychological/emotional wellbeing.
But even before the victim can leave, there is need to provide safety planning training for victims/ potential victims and their support circles; GBV sensitising of all Police officers (perhaps establish Police DV units as in Trinidad & Tobago and Police DV intervention centres as in Jamaica); self-protection training for victims and potential victims, as is the case in some Caribbean nations; laws to make it easier for victims and potential victims to carry pepper spray and guns, and to be trained in using them (as is happening in Trinidad & Tobago); enable battered victims syndrome to be a viable defense in the courts; ensure establishment of safe houses which are easily accessible, adequately staffed and resourced, and able to accommodate all victims and their children.
Sincerely,
The Caribbean Voice
